Seeing goblins was the most prevalent theme in visual hallucinations.Ĭonclusions: The results demonstrate a relationship between the content of delusions and hallucinations and living in different geographic regions of the same country. The most frequent auditory hallucinations included hearing voices conversing and voices commenting. Delusions of poisoning and erotomania were more prevalent in females than in males. Results: Delusions of persecution and reference were detected frequently in both genders and groups. Group 1 represented the Western region of Turkey, and group 2 represented the Central region of Turkey. Patients were categorized with respect to regions in which they lived. Methods: A total of 373 schizophrenic patients hospitalized in three different psychiatric hospitals in Turkey were recruited, and their delusions were classified by using the classification system developed by Huber and Gross. Biologies 328 (2005).Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of living in different geographic regions of the same country on the phenomenology of schizophrenic delusions and hallucinations in two groups of schizophrenic patients.
#Delusions vs hallucination plus
Des recherches plus approfondies seront nécessaires pour explorer l'implication précise de ces connections longues dans les mécanismes de modélisation forward. Des mesures de connectivité fonctionnelle suggèrent que des interactions à longue distance entre les régions frontale et postérieure sont anormalement réduites chez les patients souffrant de schizophrénie. Une telle prédiction exige que les informations sur les mouvements intentionnels engendrées dans le cortex frontal soient intégrées au traitement sensoriel dans les régions postérieures du cerveau. On ne sait toujours que peu de choses quant à la base neurale des mécanismes prédictifs qui créent le sentiment que nous contrôlons nos mouvements. Combiné au sentiment de ne pouvoir se contrôler, ce sens exagéré de l'action pourrait expliquer les illusions de contrôle extérieur qui font que le patient attribue ses propres actions à un autre agent. Des données préliminaires indiquent que les patients souffrant de schizophrénie ont un sens exagéré de l'action. Toutefois, la comparaison avec divers désordres neurologiques, tels ceux associés à des lésions du lobe pariétal, suggère que cette expérience anormale ne suffit pas à expliquer le sentiment que quelque autre agent contrôle ses propres actions. Il en résulte qu'ils ne se sentent pas en mesure de contrôler leurs actions. Pour ces patients, les mouvements actifs sont comme les mouvements passifs. Il semble de plus en plus établi qu'une classe de symptômes, les « expériences vécues », incluant les délires de contrôle extérieur et d'insertion de pensée, est associée à des anomalies du mécanisme de prédiction de la survenue d'actions intentionnelles (modèle forward). La cause physiologique sous-jacente à ces anomalies mentales demeure inconnue. La schizophrénie est un désordre d'origine biologique, caractérisé par des perceptions fausses (hallucinations) et des croyances erronées (délires). Further research is needed to explore the precise involvement of long-range connections in the mechanisms of forward modelling. Measures of functional connectivity suggest that long-range interactions between frontal and posterior regions are abnormally reduced in patients with schizophrenia. Such prediction requires integration of information about intended movements generated in frontal cortex with sensory processing in posterior regions of the brain. Little is yet know about the neural basis of the predictive mechanisms that create the feeling that we are in control of our movements. In combination with the feeling of not being in control, this exaggerated sense of agency could explain delusions of alien control in which the patient attributes his own actions to another agent. Preliminary evidence suggests that patients with schizophrenia have an exaggerated sense of agency. However, comparison with various neurological disorders, such as those associated with parietal lobe lesions, suggest that this abnormal experience is not sufficient to explain the feeling that some other agent is controlling is one's actions. As a result these patients do not feel in control of their actions. For these patients active movements feel like passive movements.
There is increasing evidence that one class of symptom, the ‘made experiences’ including delusions of alien control and thought insertion, is associated with abnormalities in the mechanism that predicts the outcome of intended actions (the forward model). The underlying physiological cause of these mental abnormalities remains unknown. Schizophrenia is a biologically based disorder characterised by false perceptions (hallucinations) and false beliefs (delusions).
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